Pengaruh Waktu Kontak Dan Ukuran Adsorben Pada Pemurnian Minyak Goreng Bekas Menggunakan Cangkang Kerang Sebagai Bahan Baku Biodiesel

The Effect of Contact Time and Adsorbent Size on the Purification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Seashells as Raw Material for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

The increasing need for petroleum is a challenge that needs to be anticipated by looking for alternative energy sources (utilization of vegetable oil). One example of vegetable oil that can be used in the manufacture of biodiesel is used cooking oil. This material is considered more economical and efficient. The pretreatment process of used cooking oil as a raw material for biodiesel in this study utilizes the potential of mussel shells as an alternative adsorbent that is environmentally friendly. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of the contact time and size of the shell adsorbent on the physical and chemical properties of used cooking oil as biodiesel raw material and to determine the effect of transesterification temperature in the process of making biodiesel from cooking oil which would then be compared with the quality standard values according to the SNI for cooking oil and biodiesel. As for testing the physical and chemical properties of used cooking oil includes parameters of Acid Number, Peroxide Number, and Water Content. Of the three test parameters, only the Moisture Content parameter whose test results were included in the quality standard range according to SNI, namely in samples 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 with a water content value of less than 0.15%. Meanwhile the parameters for Acid Number and Peroxide Number are still above the cooking oil quality standard, which for acid number is greater than 0.6 mg KOH/gr and peroxide value is greater than 10 mEK/gr. Furthermore, testing of the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel, which includes the parameters % yield, water content, acid number, density, viscosity, and flame test of biodiesel. Of all the test parameters, only the density and viscosity parameters whose test results for the entire sample were included in the SNI range, namely for a density ranging from 0.850.89 gr/ml and a viscosity ranging from 2.3 to 6.0 cSt. The parameters for Moisture Content and Flame Test still do not meet the quality standards. Meanwhile for the Acid Number, there were 2 samples whose values met the quality standard, namely sample 1 and sample 3, with the acquisition of an acid number of 0.84 mg KOH/gr.